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PRE IMPLANTATION GENETIC TESTING
(PGT)
PGT, which is a new term encompassing the same functions as the previously named and more well-known preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) embryo genetic tests.
Preimplantation genetic testing is performed before embryo transfer during IVF so that doctors may pick one without a known or suspected gene problem (PGD), or one without an abnormal number of chromosomes (PGS). The goal of both PGD and PGS is to increase the chance of selecting a healthy embryo that will develop into a healthy baby. These advances can make a real difference as birth defects occur in nearly one in 20 pregnancies, ranging in severity from minor anatomic abnormalities to extensive genetic disorder.
PGS OR PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC SCREENING
PGS is used to determine whether the cells in an embryo contain the normal number of chromosomes, which is 46. After an embryo grows in the lab, it is usually biopsied on day 5 (blastocyst stage). A few embryo cells are then sent to an external lab which uses technology to count the number of chromosomes within each cell. Embryos with a normal number of chromosomes are “euploid” and those with an abnormal number are “aneuploid.” The purpose of PGS is to avoid transferring an abnormal embryo into the uterus.
BENEFITS MOST FROM PGS
All couples are at risk for having abnormal embryos. An abnormal embryo almost always fails to implant, or if it does, ends in a biochemical pregnancy (only hormone evidence of pregnancy), miscarriage, fetal death later in pregnancy, stillbirth or a baby with abnormalities.
Couples undergoing IVF may select PGS because they have severe male factor infertility, recurrent IVF failures, older age or a very large number of embryos. PGS can be used by those experiencing multiple miscarriages